Many times, we see people with patches of skin that are darker than their normal skin tone. This is known as Hyper-pigmentation. It is not a serious condition and is usually harmless. To understand more about it, we spoke to Dr. Sushant Shetty, MD Skin, Medical Head at Kaya Clinics India and he says, “Anything darker than your skin tone is hyper-pigmentation and its causes can be broadly categorized under genetics, hormonal and acquired. It can be a small patch, covering a larger area or affecting the whole body”.
Here are some of the Types of hyperpigmentation as explained by our expert:
- Melasma
Melasma is usually considered to be a result of hormonal changes. It is more common in women as they may develop it during pregnancy on their stomach and face. However, men may also get affected by it. - Post-Inflammatory
It can be a result of any injury to your skin like a pimple or acne, boils, a scratched mosquito bite, or a wound. Their repair process may leave a mark on the skin, darker than the skin tone. They usually disappear with time, but if you continue disturbing it and not let the skin heal properly, chances are that it may become permanent. - Sun Exposure
Exposure to the sun can be another cause of hyperpigmentation. You may see small dark patches on the forehead, temple area, nose, and even on hands. - Genetical
Genetic factors can lead to causing moles or even freckles on one’s body. - Medical Conditions
There are certain medical conditions that may show up as pigmentation on the skin. Skin reactions due to certain medications can also be seen.
What actually happens?
Skin cells called melanocytes produce melanin, which gives skin its colour. Several factors and conditions can affect the process of production of melanin in our body and sometimes results in forming a darker patch. For example, if there is the excess sun falling on a certain area of our skin, the cells in that area will make more colour to be deposited on that patch, to prevent the skin from getting damaged. Hence, leaving a darker skin patch.
Prevention and Treatments
“Depending on the cause, treatment can be decided. In the case of hyperpigmentation is caused due to genetic factors, nothing much can be done. However, if it is a small mole or a small mark it can be removed completely. But if it covers a large area, say the whole face, you cannot remove it without creating a scar” says Dr. Shetty.
He further explains that if it is acquired, mainly due to sun exposure, consider wearing sunscreen and a scarf before stepping out. You can additionally carry an umbrella and use skin lightening creams as well. Apart from this, if the cause of hyperpigmentation can be dealt with, do that.
Certain treatments available are:
- Chemical peeling
- Laser treatments
- Q-switch laser
- Topical creams
- Lightening creams, etc.
However, “The core remains the protection of the skin and identifying the cause,” says Dr. Shetty. Although they are harmless if you wish to get them removed, consult a skin specialist. Treatments are available, but taking care of your skin during the recuperation period is extremely important, otherwise, the results can be worse and skin may become double hyperpigmented. Therefore, you need to be very careful and follow the doctor’s advice in a proper manner.
